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1.
Sex Abuse ; 35(4): 503-533, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36213940

RESUMO

Treatment for individuals convicted of sex offenses has substantially improved in developed countries in recent decades, providing practitioners with an extensive literature to guide the implementation of effective programs to reduce sexual reoffending. Nevertheless, sexual offending rehabilitation is still in its infancy in Latin American countries such as Uruguay, so little is known about the transference and implementation of evidence-based programs. The current study examines the strengths, barriers, and challenges of implementing a sex offenses treatment program in Uruguay. The findings suggest some achievements of the program, but also several problems with implementation. Some problems are universal among different countries (e.g., scarce resources and facilities, insufficiently trained staff, and unexpected changes in the organization), but others were particularly relevant in the Uruguayan context (e.g., government policy alien to a rehabilitation approach, lack of appropriate prison facilities, lack of training for therapists from a cognitive-behavioral perspective). All these difficulties must be anticipated and solved for successful generalizability of rehabilitation programs to different correctional systems.


Assuntos
Delitos Sexuais , Humanos , Uruguai , Delitos Sexuais/prevenção & controle , Comportamento Sexual , Prisões
3.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 20(2): 199-204, abr.-jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68752

RESUMO

La investigación internacional ha evidenciado la relevancia de la variable empatía en la agresión sexual. El objetivo de este estudio es explorar, en una muestra española de delincuentes, la relación déficit en empatía-agresión sexual para diferentes tipos de víctimas, así como los posibles beneficios del tratamiento psicológico en la mejora de esta variable. Para evaluar la empatía se tradujo y adaptó al castellano la Rape Empathy Measure y se aplicó a un grupo de 118 delincuentes no-sexuales y a otro de 73 violadores, 39 tratados y 34 no-tratados. Los principales resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que los violadores no-tratados puntúan más bajo en empatía que los delincuentes no-sexuales; sin embargo, los violadores tratados superan en empatía tanto a los violadores no-tratados como a los delincuentes no-sexuales. Estos resultados son parcialmente coherentes con los de otras investigaciones precedentes. Para finalizar se comenta la conveniencia de evaluar en futuros estudios tanto la variable empatía como otras variables psicológicas conectadas con la agresión sexual


International research has emphasised that empathy is a relevant factor of sex offending. The main goal of this study is to explore, in a Spanish sex offender sample, the relationship between empathy deficits and sex crime for various types of victims. This study also analyses the positive effect that psychological treatment could have on empathy. For this purpose, 118 non-sex offenders were compared on an adapted version of Rape Empathy Measure to 39 treated rapists and 34 untreated rapists. Results show that the untreated rapists have lower empathy levels than non-sex offenders. Nevertheless, the treated rapists scored higher on empathy than the other two groups assessed, untreated rapists and non-sex offenders. Lastly, some suggestions are provided for future research in terms of the assessment of empathy and other factors related to sexual aggression


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Empatia , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/psicologia , Psicoterapia , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/terapia , Estupro/psicologia , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental
4.
Psicothema ; 20(2): 199-204, 2008 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18413078

RESUMO

International research has emphasised that empathy is a relevant factor of sex offending. The main goal of this study is to explore, in a Spanish sex offender sample, the relationship between empathy deficits and sex crime for various types of victims. This study also analyses the positive effect that psychological treatment could have on empathy. For this purpose, 118 non-sex offenders were compared on an adapted version of Rape Empathy Measure to 39 treated rapists and 34 untreated rapists. Results show that the untreated rapists have lower empathy levels than non-sex offenders. Nevertheless, the treated rapists scored higher on empathy than the other two groups assessed, untreated rapists and non-sex offenders. Lastly, some suggestions are provided for future research in terms of the assessment of empathy and other factors related to sexual aggression.


Assuntos
Empatia , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Delitos Sexuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estupro/psicologia , Estupro/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários
5.
Psicothema ; 20(2): 205-10, 2008 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18413079

RESUMO

Violent behaviour risk assessment is one of the most relevant research areas in current Psychology of Crime. Various scales for violence risk assessment have recently been developed from research about crime careers and risk factors. One of these instruments is the Sexual Violence Risk Assessment-20 (SVR-20), translated and adapted to Spanish by the Group of Advanced Studies in Violence of the University of Barcelona. The goal of this study is to verify the predictive capacity of the SVR-20 to predict sexual violence recidivism in a Spanish sample of sexual offender inmates. The method used was a retrospective study based in 163 sexual offender files and a 4-year time lag. The data were analysed with the logistic regression technique. Of the sample, 79.9% non-recidivist individuals were correctly classified, and 70.8% recidivist individuals. The ROC curve obtained for the model shows a very good discriminant capacity for the SVR-20, with a 0.83 AUC value. The main conclusion of this study is that the Spanish adaptation of SVR-20 is a good instrument to predict the risk of sexual violence.


Assuntos
Medição de Risco , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Delitos Sexuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto , Idoso , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicologia , Recidiva , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários
6.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 20(2): 205-210, abr. -jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68753

RESUMO

La evaluación del riesgo de conducta violenta es un campo emergente en la actual Psicología de la Delincuencia. A partir de la investigación sobre carreras criminales y predictores de riesgo, durante los últimos años se han desarrollado diferentes escalas de evaluación del riesgo de violencia. Uno de estos instrumentos es el Sexual Violence Risk Assessment-20 (SVR-20), traducido y adaptado al español en el Grupo de Estudios Avanzados en Violencia de la Universidad de Barcelona. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la capacidad del SVR-20 para predecir la reincidencia sexual en una muestra española de delincuentes sexuales. Para ello se ha aplicado el SVR-20 de forma retrospectiva a un grupo de 163 agresores sexuales ya excarcelados. La capacidad discriminativa del instrumento ha sido evaluada a través del modelo de regresión logística. Se obtuvo un porcentaje de clasificaciones correctas de los sujetos no reincidentes del 79,9% y de los sujetos reincidentes del 70,8%. La curva ROC obtenida muestra una buena capacidad discriminativa del SVR-20 con un valor de área bajo la curva (AUC) de 0.83. La principal conclusión de este estudio es que el SVR-20 es un instrumento de utilidad para mejorar los pronósticos de riesgo de violencia sexual


Violent behaviour risk assessment is one of the most relevant research areas in current Psychology of Crime. Various scales for violence risk assessment have recently been developed from research about crime careers and risk factors. One of these instruments is the Sexual Violence Risk Assessment-20 (SVR-20), translated and adapted to Spanish by the Group of Advanced Studies in Violence of the University of Barcelona. The goal of this study is to verify the predictive capacity of the SVR-20 to predict sexual violence recidivism in a Spanish sample of sexual offender inmates. The method used was a retrospective study based in 163 sexual offender files and a 4-year time lag. The data were analysed with the logistic regression technique. Of the sample, 79.9% non-recidivist individuals were correctly classified, and 70.8% recidivist individuals. The ROC curve obtained for the model shows a very good discriminant capacity for the SVR-20, with a 0.83 AUC value. The main conclusion of this study is that the Spanish adaptation of SVR-20 is a good instrument to predict the risk of sexual violence


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/psicologia , Psicometria/instrumentação , Estupro/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Delitos Sexuais/prevenção & controle , Estudos Retrospectivos
7.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 20(1): 4-9, ene.-mar. 2008. ilus, tab
Artigo em En | IBECS | ID: ibc-68726

RESUMO

The aims of the present paper are the following: firstly, to describe the psychological treatment administered to sexual offenders in Spain; secondly, to assess the effectiveness of the application of this psychological treatment in the prison of Brians (Barcelona). For this purpose, two equivalent groups were selected: a treatment group of 49 subjects who received the whole treatment program, and an untreated control group of 74 subjects. These groups were selected taking into account various risk factors in order to guarantee group comparability. The main results not only show the efficacy of the cognitive-behavioural program for sexual offenders but also that the effectiveness of this program exceeds the average of similar programs in the meta-analytic reviews performed to date (AU)


Los objetivos de este artículo son dos. En primer lugar, describir el tratamiento psicológico que se aplica con los delincuentes sexuales en España. En segundo término, evaluar la efectividad de dicho tratamiento en la prisión Brians de Barcelona. Con este propósito se seleccionaron dos grupos: un grupo de tratamiento integrado por 49 sujetos que habían recibido el programa de tratamiento completo, y un grupo de control constituido por 74 sujetos que no habían recibido dicho tratamiento. Ambos grupos se crearon teniendo en cuenta diversos factores de riesgo con la finalidad de asegurar la equivalencia de los grupos. Los principales resultados obtenidos no sólo muestran una buena eficacia del tratamiento cognitivo-conductual aplicado con los delincuentes sexuales, sino también que dicho tratamiento supera, en esta evaluación, la efectividad promedio de programas similares en las evaluaciones que se han realizado con anterioridad (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Delitos Sexuais/prevenção & controle , Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental/métodos , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/terapia , Reabilitação/métodos , Violência/prevenção & controle , Psicologia Criminal/tendências , Crime/prevenção & controle , Prisioneiros/psicologia
8.
Psicothema ; 20(1): 4-9, 2008 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18206059

RESUMO

The aims of the present paper are the following: firstly, to describe the psychological treatment administered to sexual offenders in Spain; secondly, to assess the effectiveness of the application of this psychological treatment in the prison of Brians (Barcelona). For this purpose, two equivalent groups were selected: a treatment group of 49 subjects who received the whole treatment program, and an untreated control group of 74 subjects. These groups were selected taking into account various risk factors in order to guarantee group comparability. The main results not only show the efficacy of the cognitive-behavioural program for sexual offenders but also that the effectiveness of this program exceeds the average of similar programs in the meta-analytic reviews performed to date.


Assuntos
Crime/prevenção & controle , Psicoterapia/métodos , Delitos Sexuais/prevenção & controle , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/terapia , Humanos , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Prisões , Desenvolvimento de Programas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha , Resultado do Tratamento
9.
Pap. psicol ; 28(3): 147-156, dic. 2007.
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-64139

RESUMO

A lo largo de las últimas décadas se ha ido conformado la denominada Psicología de la delincuencia, que aglutina conocimientoscientíficos en torno a los fenómenos delictivos. Entre sus principales ámbitos de interés se encuentran la explicación del comportamientoantisocial, en donde son relevantes las teorías del aprendizaje, los análisis de las características y rasgos individuales, las hipótesistensión-agresión, los estudios sobre vinculación social y delito, y los análisis sobre carreras delictivas. Este último sector,también denominado ‘criminología del desarrollo’, investiga la relación que guardan con el inicio y mantenimiento de la actividadcriminal diversos factores o predictores de riesgo (individuales y sociales, estáticos y dinámicos). Sus resultados han tenido gran relevanciapara la creación de programas de prevención y tratamiento de la delincuencia. Los tratamientos psicológicos de los delincuentesse orientan a modificar aquellos factores de riesgo, denominados de ‘necesidad criminogénica’, que se considerandirectamente relacionados con su actividad delictiva. En concreto se dirigen a dotar a los delincuentes (ya sean jóvenes, maltratadores,agresores sexuales, etc.) con nuevos repertorios de conducta prosocial, desarrollar su pensamiento, regular sus emociones iracundas,y prevenir las recaídas o reincidencias en el delito. Por último, en la actualidad la Psicología de la delincuencia pone unénfasis especial en la predicción y gestión del riesgo de comportamientos violentos y antisociales, campo al que se dedicará un artículoposterior de este mismo monográfico


Throughout the last decades the Psychology of criminal conduct, that agglutinates scientific knowledge around the criminal phenomena,has emerged. Among their scientific main interests they are the following: the explanation of antisocial behavior (where the learningtheories are outstanding), the analyses of the individual characteristics, the hypotheses strain-aggression, the studies on sociallinks and crime, and the analyses of criminal careers. This last topic, also denominated ‘developmental criminology’, investigates therelationship that the beginning and maintenance of the criminal activity keep with diverse risk predictors (singular and social, staticand dynamic). Their results have had great relevance for the design of crime prevention and treatment programs. The psychologicaltreatments of offenders are guided to modify those factors of risk, well-known as ‘criminogenic needs’, that are considered directly relatedwith their criminal activity. In short the treatment programs try to train the criminals (youth, partner violence offenders, sexualaggressors, etc.) in new repertoires of social behavior, try to develop their thought, to regulate their choleric emotions, and to preventthe relapses or recidivisms in crime. Lastly, the Psychology of the criminal conduct puts a special emphasis at the present time in theprediction and management of the risk of violent and antisocial behaviors, field to which will be devoted a later paper of this same monograph (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criminologia/tendências , Crime/psicologia , Violência/psicologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Social/psicologia , Previsões/métodos , Psicoterapia/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/terapia , Delinquência Juvenil/psicologia
10.
Pap. psicol ; 28(3): 157-173, dic. 2007. ilus, tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-64140

RESUMO

El comportamiento violento es uno de los elementos más característicos y alarmantes de la delincuencia grave. La atribución de peligrosidada los responsables de estos delitos violentos ha servido durante muchos años como factor explicativo y sobre todo predictivode la reincidencia y la gravedad de las actuaciones de estos delincuentes, entre los que destacan los agresores sexuales, loshomicidas y los maltratadores familiares. La intensa preocupación social por el comportamiento violento ha demandado a la Psicologíasoluciones que han superado el ámbito tradicional de aplicación de la Psicología de la Delincuencia al definirse nuevos delitoscomo la violencia de género y especialmente por el surgimiento de las demandas atencionales que requieren las víctimas. Hoy losprofesionales de la Psicología son requeridos para actuar también en la prevención, para evitar la ocurrencia y el mantenimiento decualquier tipo de violencia. Entre estas nuevas demandas se encuentra la predicción futura de las conductas violentas que tienen unaalta tasa de repetición. El atributo esencial sobre el que se ha fundamentado la predicción de la violencia ha sido la peligrosidad. Lapeligrosidad es un constructo con una capacidad predictiva limitada ya que no es el único determinante del comportamiento violento.En los últimos 15 años han surgido nuevas técnicas de predicción basadas en la valoración del riesgo de violencia que han demostradotener una mayor eficacia predictiva. Presentaremos estas nuevas técnicas de predicción de la violencia, sus propiedades ysus aplicaciones. Dichas técnicas mejoran de forma significativa la eficacia predictiva, ayudan a clarificar las bases sobre las que losprofesionales sustentan sus decisiones relacionadas con el futuro del comportamiento individual y facilitan la gestión y prevención dela violencia


Violent behaviour is one of the most characteristic elements of burden and serious crimes. The “dangerousness” is an attribution towardsthese violent criminals has been used during many years as an explanatory and mostly predictive fact of the recidivism of thecriminal acts of these chronic criminals, sexual predators, serial killers and domestic offenders.The strong social worry about these violent behaviours have forced Psychology to find solutions that have surpassed the traditionalscope of the criminal psychology, defining new offences such as gender violence and specially when appearing new ways of treatmentof the victims. Nowadays, professional psychologists are required in order to take part of the prevention processes, to avoid occurrenceor reiteration of any kind of violence. The prediction of violence is amongst these new requirements. The most importantattribute in where mostly all of the predictions of violence are based is the degree of dangerousness of the individual, but it has a limitedpredictive capacity, because it isn’t the only fact that affects violent behaviour. In these last 15 years, we’ve find new ways to predictviolence that are based on the violence risk assessment, and their results have had a higher predictive effectiveness.In this paper we present these new techniques of violence risk assessment, with their characteristics and applications. These new techniquessignificantly improve the predictive power, and they help to clarify the process that professionals use to take their decisionsabout the future of the violent behaviour, facilitating violence risk management strategies and prevention


Assuntos
Humanos , Violência/psicologia , Comportamento Perigoso , Criminologia/métodos , Crime/psicologia , Previsões/métodos , Fatores de Risco , Ameaças , Agressão/psicologia , Comportamento Impulsivo/psicologia , Pedofilia/psicologia , Homicídio/psicologia
11.
Pap. psicol ; 28(3): 187-195, dic. 2007. tab
Artigo em Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-64142

RESUMO

El estudio de la violencia y de la reincidencia de los agresores sexuales constituye en la actualidad un ámbito de especial interés dela Psicología Criminal. En este trabajo se revisan tanto las teorías y conocimientos existentes sobre etiología y factores de riesgo deagresión sexual, como algunas investigaciones internacionales y españolas que sustentan estos conocimientos. Su principal objetivoes la presentación de un nuevo instrumento de predicción en este campo denominado SVR-20: Manual de valoración del riesgo deviolencia sexual. Dicho instrumento ha sido traducido y adaptado para el contexto español y latino por el Grupo de Estudios Avanzadosen Violencia (GEAV) de la Universidad de Barcelona. Para su validación se ha efectuado un primer estudio piloto sobre la capacidadpredictiva del SVR-20 con una muestra de agresores sexuales que cumplieron condena en una prisión española. La conclusión principal de este estudio es que el SVR-20 es un buen instrumento para predecir el riesgo de reincidencia sexual


Violence and sexual offenders’ recidivism are nowadays two fields of interest for Criminal Psychology. In this article, there is a reviewof theories and knowledge about the etiology and risk factors of sex aggression, and also of international and Spanish research thatsupports this theoretical foundation. The main goal of this study is to introduce an instrument for risk assessment called SVR-20:Guide for sexual violence risk assessment. This instrument has been translated and adapted for the Spanish context by the Group inAdvanced Studies on Violence (GEAV) of the University of Barcelona. In order to validate this instrument, a pilot study about the predictiveaccuracy of the SVR-20 has been carried out, using a sample of incarcerated sex offenders from a Spanish prison. The mainconclusion of this study is that SVR-20 is a good instrument to predict the risk of sexual recidivism (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Recidiva , Risco Ajustado/métodos , Delitos Sexuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Valor Preditivo dos Testes
12.
Psicothema (Oviedo) ; 14(supl.1): 164-173, 2002. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-148842

RESUMO

En este artículo se revisan las técnicas de tratamiento más frecuentemente aplicadas con los delincuentes en Europa y su grado de efectividad. Con esta finalidad, se han efectuado hasta ahora tres meta-análisis. El primero correspondió a Lösel, Körfel y Weber (1987) que integraron 16 programas socioterapéuticos aplicados en prisiones alemanas. Posteriormente, en 1997 y 1999, Redondo, Sánchez-Meca y Garrido revisaron, respectivamente, 57 y 32 programas europeos. Los resultados de estas tres investigaciones son consistentes con los obtenidos por las revisiones norteamericanas; en promedio, los programas de tratamiento logran un tamaño del efecto o efectividad global de entre .10 y .15. Sin embargo, un nuevo meta-análisis de 26 programas, que presentamos en este trabajo, ha obtenido una estimación más elevada (y creemos que más precisa) de la efectividad de los programas, que es un promedio de r=0.21. De manera más concreta, los grupos de tratamiento obtuvieron una tasa de reincidencia del 39,5%, 21 puntos por debajo de la tasa del 60.5% obtenida por los grupos de control no tratados. Además, algunas tipología de programas (especialmente educativos, conductuales y cognitivo-conductuales) fueron claramente más efectivas que el promedio (AU)


Psychological programmes with offenders and their effectiveness: The European situation.. This paper reviews the treatment techniques most often applied in European countries and their relative effectiveness. Three meta-analyses have been conducted in this field during the last decades. In 1987 Lösel, Köferl and Weber reviewed 16 sociotherapeutic programmes of German prisons. Afterwards, two different analyses, in 1997 and 1999, by Redondo, Sánchez-Meca and Garrido reviewed, respectively, 57 and 32 European programmes applied during the 80s and the beginning of the 90s. The main results of these reviews are in the direction of those obtained by American reviewed of correctional treatment. On the average, treatment programmes, presented in this paper, has obtained a higher (and in our opinion more precise) estimation of effect size than previous meta-analysis, of r+ = 0.21. In specific terms, the treated groups showed a recidivism rate of 39.5% compared to 60.5% of controls. Some typologies of programmes (especially educational, behavioural and cognitive-behavioural strategies) were more effective than the average (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Técnicas Psicológicas/instrumentação , Psicoterapia/métodos , Criminosos/psicologia , Avaliação de Resultado de Intervenções Terapêuticas , Efetividade , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Reabilitação/estatística & dados numéricos
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